蓄能式绳索取心液动潜孔锤的应用研究     

张飞 《地质与勘探》2017,53(6):1188-1196

蓄能式绳索取心液动潜孔锤钻具是在普通绳索取心钻具总成上端增加了发生和传递冲击载荷的结构,将冲击载荷通过绳索取心钻具外管传递至钻头。新疆达坂城黑沟-达拉地布拉克铀矿工区裂隙、构造蚀变带和构造破碎带发育,地层破碎,使用普通绳索取心钻具钻进,岩心极易堵塞、回次进尺短、频繁打捞内管、钻进效率极低。使用蓄能式绳索取心液动潜孔锤钻具钻进,增加了回次进尺,提高了钻进效率。论文依据施工现场使用情况,介绍了蓄能式绳索取心液动潜孔锤的结构和工作原理,统计、总结了应用情况,论述了绳索取心液动潜孔锤得出的应用结论。  相似文献   

南羌塘盆地中-新生代逆冲推覆构造样式及构造应力场特征          下载免费PDF全文

李正友薛灵文王世锋王 刚彭成名侯  芸段磊 《地质科学》2017,(3):783-800

新生代印度板块与欧亚板块的持续碰撞挤压,造成南羌塘地块向南逆冲于拉萨地块之上,并在南羌塘地块内部形成了一系列的由北往南的逆冲推覆构造。然而,到目前为止,我们对这些逆冲推覆构造及夹持其间的褶皱变形的结构组成、构造样式、形成时代以及缩短量分布等问题仍存在很大的争议。本文在详细的野外调查基础上,对赛布错-扎加藏布断裂（SZT）,多玛-其香错断裂（DQT）,隆鄂尼褶断带（LF）及南羌塘与中央隆起带分界的肖查卡-双湖断裂（XST）进行了几何学、运动学分析,建立了精细的构造框架。我们认为这些断裂为始新世以来形成的同时期的叠瓦状逆冲推覆;并通过野外褶皱形态,结合层面、节理面、断层面滑动矢量的分析,识别出南羌塘盆地4期构造应力场：1） 代表中特提斯俯冲碰撞阶段的近S-N 向的挤压;2） 中特提斯碰撞后,随着班公湖-怒江缝合带的形成,南羌塘地区构造应力场转为S-N 向的伸展;3） 新生代印度板块向欧亚板块俯冲碰撞,青藏高原进入陆内变形阶段,南羌塘盆地内表现为NE-SW 向的挤压,形成本文提及的一系列逆冲推覆构造;4） 随着高原的持续隆升,约14 Ma南北向裂谷开始活动,应力场转为NWW-SEE 向伸展,形成双湖裂谷系。  相似文献   

Geology and geochemistry of fault-hosted hydrothermal and sedimentary manganese deposits in the Oakover Basin,east Pilbara,Western Australia     

S. A. Jones 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,64(1):63-102

Manganese mineralisation in the Oakover Basin is associated with Mesoproterozoic extension, basin formation and deposition of the Manganese Group. The underlying basement architecture of the Oakover Basin (a local half-graben geometry), inherited from the Neoarchean rifting event, plays an important role on the distribution, style and timing of manganese deposits. Fault-hosted manganese deposits are dominant along the ‘active’ faulted eastern margin, whereas flat-lying sedimentary deposits are dominant along the western ‘passive’ margin reflecting differences in ore-forming processes. The large number of significant manganese deposits in the Oakover Basin, previously thought to reflect a spatial association with Carawine Dolomite, more likely reflects the restricted nature of the Mesoproterozoic basin and development of a large reservoir of Mn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ in an anoxic zone of a stratified basin. Low O₂ conditions in the basin were caused by a paleotopographic high forming a barrier to open ocean circulation. The western margin sedimentary deposits formed later than the fault-hosted hydrothermal deposits along the eastern margin, once a significant reservoir of Mn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ had developed, and when there was sufficient subsidence to allow migration of the redox front onto the shallow shelf, with Mn precipitation on and within the seafloor sediments. The sedimentary manganese deposits are not uniformly distributed along the western edge of the basin; instead they are concentrated into discrete areas (e.g. Mt Cooke–Utah–Mt Rove, Bee Hill, Skull Springs and the Ripon Hills districts), suggesting a degree of structural control on their distribution. Fault-hosted manganese is observed beneath and adjacent to many of the sedimentary deposits. Marked geochemical differences are observed between the Woodie Woodie hydrothermal deposits and the sedimentary deposits. Woodie Woodie deposits display higher Ba, U, Mo, As, Sn, Bi, Pb, S and Cu than the sedimentary deposits, reflecting the composition of the hydrothermal fluids. The Al₂O₃ values of the Ripon Hills and Mt Cooke deposits are much higher than the Woodie Woodie deposits, reflecting the composition of the dominant host rock, as Al₂O₃ is typically <5 wt% in the Carawine Dolomite, but is >10 wt% in basal shale units of the Manganese Group. Highly variable Mn:Fe ratios (?5:1) in the hydrothermal manganese at Woodie Woodie reflects rapid deposition of Mn in and around fault zones. In contrast, slower accumulation of Mn oxides on and within the seafloor to form the large sedimentary deposits results in Mn:Fe ratios closer to 1:1 and elevated Co + Ni and REE values.  相似文献   

Application of low-pressure gas adsorption to nanopore structure characterisation of organic-rich lower Cambrian shale in the Upper Yangtze Platform,South China     

L. Chen  K. Liu  P. Wang  F. Gao  T. Hu 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,64(5):653-665

The pores in shales are mainly on a nanometer scale, and the pore-size distribution is vital with regard to the preservation and exploitation of shale gas. This study focuses on the organic-rich lower Cambrian black shale in the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China and investigates their TOC, mineralogical composition and nanopore structure. Low-pressure N₂ and CO₂ adsorption experiments were conducted at 77.35 K and 273.15 K, respectively, and the nanopore structures were characterised by the modified Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Dubinin–Radushkevich, t-plot, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The results indicate the following. (1) The lower Cambrian shale has a high TOC content (1.77–7.23 wt%) and a high quartz content (27.7–51.6 vol%). The total specific surface area varies from 12.02 to 28.87 m²/g. Both the total specific surface area and quartz content are positively associated with the TOC content. (2) Shale samples with a higher TOC content have a greater number of micropores, resulting in more complicated nanopore structures. Micropore volumes/surface areas and non-micropore surface areas all increase with increasing TOC content, indicating that TOC is the key factor determining the nanopore structure of the lower Cambrian shale. (3) A combination of N₂ and CO₂ adsorption provides the most suitable detection range (～0.3–60 nm) and is both highly reliable and accurate with regard to nanopore structure characterisation.  相似文献   

Geochemical behavior during mineralization and alteration events in the Baiyinchang volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits,Gansu Province,China     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The Zheyaoshan deposit is the largest within the Baiyinchang (BYC) volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) district, located in the northern Qilian orogenic belt of North China. The deposit is hosted by quartz keratophyre tuffs, with wall-rock alteration mainly comprising chlorite, sericite, quartz, pyrite and epidote. Mineral assemblages within the altered host rocks can be divided into a sericite-quartz-dominant assemblage (sericite-silicified zone), a chlorite-dominant assemblage (chlorite-dominant zone) and a pyrite-dominant assemblage (mineralized zone) based on geochemical analysis and alteration characteristics. We have conducted detailed processing and critical analysis of the geochemical data of both the altered and least-altered host rocks in order to investigate the problem of closure in the geochemical dataset to eliminate the influence that each component has on the other in terms of mass change, and have applied the standardized method of the mass change calculation to analyze this data. The results show that: (1) the sericite-silicified zone formed along fissures due to the ingress of hydrothermal fluids, with MnO₂, Na₂O and CaO being mobilized into the hydrothermal fluids leached and MgO, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, K₂O, BaO deposited. Additionally, Ag, Cu and chalcophile elements (Ag, As and Bi) were enriched while Pb, Zn and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) (Cs, Sr, Eu, Be) were mobilized into hydrothermal fluids; (2) the physiochemical conditions and pH levels of the hydrothermal fluids changed during sericitization, with MgO, Fe₂O₃, BaO being further enriched and MnO, Na₂O, CaO further depleted, leading to formation of chlorite and the initial precipitation of metallogenic the (Cu, Zn, Pb) and chalcophile elements (Ag, As, Bi); (3) the negative Eu anomaly was mainly due to its strong activity when Eu is mobilized into the hydrothermal fluids during since plagioclase break-down during the sericite-silicification process; (4) AI and CCPI values gradually increase towards the orebody. The chlorite-dominant assemblage and sericite-quartz-dominant assemblage on the periphery of the chlorite-dominant zone can all be used as vectors towards the volcanic massive sulfide orebody and for regional-scale mineral exploration. Either leached elements or enriched elements can be considered as significant indicator elements and as prospective indicators for geochemical exploration within the BYC district. The Eu anomaly may be especially useful as an indicator for distinguishing the least-altered rocks which has great significance for exploration on the regional scale.  相似文献   

基于氮气吸附-核磁共振-氩离子抛光场发射扫描电镜研究川西须五段泥质岩储层孔隙结构   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

庞河清  曾焱  刘成川  黎华继  彭军  严焕榕  陈俊 《岩矿测试》2017,36(1):66-74

微观孔隙作为泥质岩的有效储集空间,其孔隙结构参数是作为气藏评价及资源量估算的重要依据。本文应用氮气吸附法(NAM)、核磁共振法(NMR)、氩离子抛光及场发射扫描电镜(AIP-FESEM)研究川西须五段泥质岩微观孔隙特征,结果表明:1氩离子抛光及场发射扫描电镜在表征微观孔隙形态与类别时有一定优势,但定量表征孔隙参数时,受图像二值化阈值的影响,表征结果偏差较大,可结合氮气吸附法来定量表征其孔径大小;2核磁共振受岩石骨架影响小,能够更精细反映岩石的物性条件,可定量计算孔隙度与可动流体饱和度,但对样品的孔隙形态反映较差;3综合上述三种方法,在须五段泥质岩中可识别出一定量的纳米级中、大孔,孔径大多介于几十纳米到几百纳米之间,孔隙连通性差,孔隙度主要介于2.3%~7.4%之间,孔隙类型以粒间孔、晶间孔最发育,有机孔隙、微裂缝次之,粒内孔隙最不发育。总体而言,融合了三种技术方法能更精确、更全面地反映泥质岩孔隙结构特征,能得到更完善的储层孔隙结构参数,在定量表征泥质岩孔隙结构中具有广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

锑矿石化学物相分析方法选择性分离条件验证及准确度评估   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

熊英  董亚妮  裴若会  崔长征  李映琴  杨艳芳  谢光晋 《岩矿测试》2017,36(2):156-162

目前我国矿石化学物相分析方法,除少数方法具有较广泛的适应性外,多数方法均是针对某一具体矿区的样品而制定,在实际应用中无法确认分析结果的准确性和选择性分离流程的适应范围。验证化学物相分析方法的选择性分离流程及方法准确度是该领域必须解决的问题。本文以我国具有代表性的锑矿类型——单锑硫化矿为研究对象,通过岩矿鉴定确定锑的主要矿物相,从试验样品中挑选验证选择分离条件所需的单矿物,在无法获得锑华单矿物的情况下,通过价态分析确定了锑华与锑酸盐混合物中锑华的比例,并通过系列单矿物选择分离对比条件试验和X射线衍射分析,确定了锑华、辉锑矿和锑酸盐等锑物相的选择性分离条件。结果表明:对于硫化锑含量大于35%的样品,锑硫化相的选择浸出时间从传统的30 min调整为40 min,硫化锑的浸出率提高了4%~6%,硫化锑相对于锑酸盐的串相率降低了45%~70%,硫化锑相浸出完全,提高了硫化锑和黄锑矿相分析的准确度。该方法适用于不同地区、不同类型(氧化矿、硫化矿)锑矿石样品的锑化学物相分析。  相似文献   

利用反射地震资料中的面波研究剖面浅部结构     

邓小娟  酆少英  左莹  何银娟  季通宇 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(3):256-260

本研究利用浅层反射地震数据中的面波信息反演提取近地表横波速度结构,取得了较好的效果。该方法在一定程度上可弥补浅部反射资料的缺失,进而提高近地表结构探测的可靠性,同时也实现了对地震资料的充分利用。  相似文献   

基于相似模拟和地质力学模型试验的突出装置研制及应用     

高魁  刘泽功  刘健 《岩土力学》2015,36(3):711-718

国内外学者对煤与瓦斯突出过程及机制进行了大量的研究,但使用的均是型煤试验,很少涉及地质构造对突出的影响,而且数据监测均未深入到煤体内部。基于相似模拟试验思想和地质力学模型试验新思路,在实验室搭建了综合考虑地应力、瓦斯压力及煤体结构的大型石门揭煤的煤与瓦斯突出试验平台。该试验平台包括试验箱体和反力架、液压加载系统、密封系统、试验监测系统;设计了线充气和面充气系统,用来模拟煤层的瓦斯赋存差异。同时,利用该试验平台进行了石门揭构造软煤的相似模拟试验,研究了石门揭构造软煤过程中煤岩应力和位移的变化规律,以及突出过程中煤层内瓦斯压力和声发射的变化规律。结果表明,在巷道开挖过程中,掘进工作面前方存在明显的应力集中,且越靠近构造软煤应力集中现象越明显;突出发生的瞬间,在突出点附近的位移产生了突变;在突出发生前,声发射信号有一次降低;掘进工作面前方煤岩体应力释放,煤体裂隙增大,为瓦斯的快速放散提供了条件。  相似文献   

结构型式对寒区高铁路基冻结特征影响试验研究     

刘华  牛富俊  牛永红  许健 《岩土力学》2015,36(11):3135-3142

哈尔滨至大连客运专线是我国在中-深季节冻土地区设计、建造和运营的第一条高速铁路,其独特的工程地质条件以及在低温环境下线路的苛刻要求引发的工程需求对寒区路基的稳定性问题提出了新的严峻挑战。通过在不同冻深区选择典型性路基断面,以用来监测路基的稳定性和冻结特征。并通过对运营后第1个冻融期内的监测数据分析发现,路基的结构型式对寒区高铁路基的冻结特征有着显著的差别性影响和制约作用。结果表明：对比路堑段的中部及其临近路堑进出口处的路堤段,路堤段存续有较长时间和较厚的冻结夹层,其堑-堤地温差值也随着纬度的增加而增加。同时发现在4月份的路基中存在有一定厚度的高温冻结夹层。而同一区域内,路堑的最大冻结深度要较路堤的冻结深度浅20～50 cm,但相反的是,路堑的最大变形却较路堤的要大2～5 mm,这种差值越向北越明显。同时在春融期内,路堑段的冻深变化速率在0上下剧烈波动,此时变形产生了突变式上升,而路堤段的冻深变化速率却在负值区内变化,变形并未发生明显的突变。  相似文献